Ments



[Patented A ug. 25, 1 931 fomrso sTArEs PATENT om n LAWRENCE BRADSHAW, or namnnrnonyimw ion, nssionomi'iw'nnsnn ASSIGN- MENTS,

To THE CASEIN- uanuracrunimq comramr or AMERICA, 1110,01 NEW YORK, N. Y., A conro m'rron OF DEL ARE,

Ann'n's'rvn sass No Drawing. a I application filed me 19,-

5 This invention relates to the production of 7 adhesives suitable for the gluing. together of plywood, wood joints and the like; forat taching mineral matter to paper and cloth;-.

5 for. binding sawdust, granular cork.J-a'ndfibrous materials in the manufacture of -fi'oo r;; coverings and for other purposes where a -.comparatively inexpensive adhesive; is re:

from these various materials by the methods as a by-product in -the peanut oil'industry quired. y In carrying out this invention I use as a raw material the peanut'or-certainof itscon stituent arts, which is made into an adhesive by suitable treatment with an alkaline'reactingsalt in. the presence of water. "Asexam,

ples of the'materials so used, may'be nieni 1 tioned (1) the whole peanut kernel, (2) the. cotyledons after removal of the skin, both of these with orwithout the partial'or complete removal of the oil by pressing-or by extrac-- tion by solvents; (3) the press-cake obtained usually containinga considerable amount '0 hull fibre and some residual oil. All of these. materials are rich in rotein.

It has been found time the glues prepared describedbelow differ considerably in their physical properties, e. g. in color, viscosity, spreading capacity and adhesive power. I

crushed, or ground to a finely tion It is-then mixed wit Whichever material is used, it is first a protein solvent such as sodium carbonateor, other suitable alkaline substance and, in cases where a waterproof adhesive" is'required, with lime or other alkaline earth oxide or hydroxide: In some cases, for making a cheapglue base,

peanut materials as above stated can be mixed with lime alone, but preferably I use the salts, as described above. Water is subsequently added preferably to this complete mixture.

Although a reasonably strong. plywood panel has been obtained from the crushed eanut kernel (containing approximately 45% oil) by the formula in Example 1 (be-. low), it is preferred to remove the major portion of the oil by pressing, both for reasons of economy and-also. in order to bring aboutaconcentration of the proteid and adhesive substances which are the real basis of the pot exceed 15%. "ample injthe preparation of, the best grade of paper-sizing, the oil may be first completely divided condi- 15a. .se'raii no. 117,174;

glue,-aswell as to produce a glue which is much-stronger'due to theflabsence of this large excess of 011. In general, the oil-content of 'thepeanut material used should preferably- In certain cases, for exremoved by solvent extraction; while in other cases the presence of a small amount of oil (say 6% to 8%) may be an advantage, for instance in waterproof plywood cements where it is found to be effective in diminishing the wear and dulling action on thetools used in working the dry plywood.

The glues prepared from the pressed and ground cotyledons (with the red skins removed), are white or pale yellow, free-flowing," tacky and stringy, bearing a close resemblance to'casein glues. They are particularly useful; for the coating of paper, for wood joints and in all cases where color is undesirable. Glues made from the ressed kernels, without removin' "thecolore skins are sub- 'stantially -tinte ,while those from the ground ress-cake of commerce have a uniform lig t reddishbro'wn color, These may be used formakingplywood; for attaching dark colored pigments to paper and cloth,- and in similar cases where colorin the adhesive is not objectionable. Theglues obtained from the pulverized commercial meal are inferior in tackiness and flowing capacity to those made from the pressed cotyledons, but do not differ therefrom greatly in adhesive strength, and the presence of the hull Hi desirable, say at least 200 mesh or preferably 220 to 300 mesh.

The following examples of mixes which have given successful reslts' when applied to 1 0 ars to be advanwood joints, laminated woods paper coatings and the like, as indicated 1n the specific. examples, will serve to define'more particu larly the character of the invention. but I do not desire to be restricted to the particu-. lar compounds or proportions 1 herein set forth. In order to distinguish the different peanut materials emplo ed, the powder derived from the kernel" including the skin) is termed eanut:'flour ;;that from the cotyledons after-removal .of the skins) cotyledon flour; and that from the press.- cake commercially used as feeding-stufl peanut press-cake meal.

The parts given are by weight 2-- Example] Peanut flour 67 parts, calcium hydroxide 18 parts, sodium carbonate 7 parts, tri sodium, phosphate 4 parts, sodium fluoride 4 parts. (For laminated wood.)

Example 2' Peanut press-cake meal 71 parts, hydrated lime 20 arts, sodium carbonate 9 parts. (For laminated wood) Example3 Peanut'flour 70 parts, hydrated lime 1.5

parts, magnesium oxide 5 parts, sodium car-.

bonate 6 parts, sodium fluoride 3 parts, sodium arsenate 1 part. (For laminated wood.) .1 Peanut meal can be used in a similar manner, andin the same proportion, and

the product also can be used for gluing up I laminated wood.

Example! 1 Peanut cotyledon flour 66 parts, hydrated lime 18 parts, sodium carbonate 8 arts, tri

\ sodium phosphate 3 parts, sodium uoride 5 parts, sodium fluoride 8 parts.

parts. (For wood joints and laminated woods.)

Example 5 Peanut meal 72" parts, hydrated lime 20 inated wood.) a

p Example 6 Peanut press cake 81 parts, sodium fluoride "lparts, sodium carbonate 12 parts. (For wood joints, where a water-resisting adhesive is not needed.) I

' Example? Peanut meal (solvent extracted) 7 5 parts,

hydrated lime '15 parts, sodium fluoride5 5 parts. (For paper coating.)

. in the art (containing about 50% (For lamt, porated with suflicient cold water to form a smooth flowing glue. The water is placed in a kettle provided with an efiicient stirrer; the

dry glue base is added slowly and the Whole mixed thoroughly forabout 20 minutes, and is then ready for use. About 2 to 2 parts of water to 1 part of the dry base are preferred.

In the appended claims, I use the term adhesive material to cover both the dry glue base as herein described, and the mixture of the same with Water to form the fluid adhesive ready for use. The glue base has latent or potential adhesive properties which are developed upon mixing with water.

Example 8 it I Peanut cotyledon flour (about 220 mesh) 85 parts, trl-sodium Example 9 Peanut cotyledon flour (about 220 mesh) 87 parts, tri-sodium phosphate 8 parts, borax The drymaterials indicated in Example 8 are thoroughly blended by mixing together in a suitable mixin machine. To prepare for use, parts 0 this mixture are added to about 400 parts by weight of cold water,

stirred until free from lumps and preferably heated to about "160 Fahr. The sizing may thereafter be used either hot or cold. For

use in the coating of paper the wet sizing thus prepared igwhich constitutes an adhesive substance) is a ded to an aqueous suspension of clay or other coating substance employed 0 solid matter), in the-proportion of 50 to. parts by weight of the wet sizing to 100 parts of the dry'clay or other substance. The mixture is then'thoroughl stirred, diluted with water to the require consistency, strained and applied by the usual methods. The materials of Example 9 can betreated in a similar manner.

In paper-coating compositions of the kind described herein, the reaction products of the peanut meal and alkali, act as an adhesive to attach the particles of clay, etc., to the 1;-

paper.

The term water-soluble alkaline-reacting:

compound of an alkali-forming metal includes such salts as sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, sodium 'arsenate, (alkali metal salts) and calcium oxideand hydroxide as well as the corresponding magnesium, barium and strontium compounds (alkaline earth metal compounds) and equivalent substances .-and hydroxides of the alkaline earth metals calcium, barium, strontium and of magne-' sium as well as mixtures of these oxides and hydroxides.

By theterm roteaginous used in certain o the appende claims, I intend to cover all of the solid peanut roducts named in the second paragraph 0 this specification.

It may be noted that the presence of the red skins which envelop the cotyledons of the peanut, if left in, will give a more or less reddish color to the roduct, and in certain uses this would be 0 jectionable; hence, in cases where a white or very li ht colored product is desired I'use thejcotyllzdons from which the red skins have been removed. I use the term light-colored'to' distinguish the products thus obtained by the use of the cotyledons freed from the red skins.

I desire to make it clear that no claim is made to the use of the isolated protein of'the peanut. I

The term sizing is intended to imply the attaching of solid matter, (e. g. clay or the like) to paper, by means of an adhesive material.

It'will bevunderstood that in most cases, the glue base will be made at the factory and the dissolving (or mixing with water) Will be done later at the place where the glue or sizing is to be used.

I claim: 1. A new adhesive material comprising proteaginous peamitymeal and an alkaline earth oxide together with an alkali metal salt which in aqueous solution will react with the said alkaline earth oxide to produce a solvent for rotein, said adhesive material bein alkaline when in the presence of water so stantially as described.

2. A new base for the manufacture of '-'products of an adhesive character, comprising a protcaginous peanut meal, an alkaline earth oxide in amount suflicient to maintain the adhesive material alkaline and a substantial amount of a soluble alkali metal salt capable of reacting with the alkaline earth 3. A new 4. A new adhesive material comprising proteaginous peanut meal anda metal salt which in aqueous solution has an alkaline reaction, together with an alkaline" earth oxide capable of reacting with said salt when in aqueous solution.

5. A new adhesive material comprising proteagmous peanut meal and an alkaline earth oxide together with an alkali metal salt which inpresence of water can react with anut meal 7. A new base for, the manufacture of an adhesive composition comprising roteaginous peanut meal and a water-solu le, alkaline-reacting compound of an alkali-forming metal in amount suflicient to maintain the mixture alkaline when water is subsequently added.

8. A new base for the manufacture of products of an adhesive character,comprising proteaginous peanut meal, an alkaline earth oxide in amount suflicient to maintain the material alkaline and a soluble alkali metal salt capable of reacting with the lat-, ter in the presence of water to form caustic alkali in suificient amount to dissolve the proteid matter of said peanut meal.

9. A new base for the manufacture of adhesive compositions comprising proteaginous peanut meal and a water-soluble salt capable of dissolving the proteid matter of said peanut meal. r I

10. A new adhesive material comprising proteaginous peanut meal and a metal salt which in aqueous solution has an alkaline reaction, together with an alkaline earth oxide.

11. A new base for the manufacture of adhesive compositions, comprising proteaginous peanut meal and an alkaline earth oxide which in presence of water is capable of combining with vegetable proteins.

12. A new adhesive material comprising a proteaginous peanut meal, a non-acid alkali metal salt, and an alkaline earth oxide in amountsufiicient to maintain the adhesive material alkaline in the .presence of water.

13. A new adhesive material comprising proteaginouspeanut'meal and an alkaline material which in the presence of water will constitute a solvent for the protein of the peanut meal.

14. As a" new material in the art of adhe sives, the flour of uncooked peanut cotyledons,- substantially free from the envelopingred skins and substantially free-from the outer shell substance, and containing not more than a small fraction of the oil normal- 1y present in whole uncooked peanut cotyledons together with a substantially colorless alkaline material capable, upon mixing with water, of reacting with the protein of such 15.-A new glue base comprising a dry mixture containing the prgteinaceous solid part of peanuts in a comminuted state, an alkaline earth oxide and an alkaline salt of an alkali metal.

In testimony whereof I aflix my-signature.

LAWRENCE BRADSHAW. I m 

